Análisis de fugas de datos en redes inalámbricas mediante pruebas supervisadas y no supervisadas

Due to an increasing number of wireless spectrums, the multiple frequencies are tangling resource management process that results hindrance in operation. In addition, the previous data become vulnerable when reports are received for data leakage enigma. In this situation, it is indispensable to secure the data in the dataset and detect the actual amount of data during resource transformation mechanism in wireless networks. A system as been developed to detect the leaked data using supervised and unsupervised testing technique by conducting simulation in Python. The targeted and actual outcome is obtained which deduced through supervised and undersized testing, the outcome remained 96.03%, and 94.53% respectively.Debido al creciente número de espectros inalámbricos, las múltiples frecuencias están enredando el proceso de gestión de recursos, lo que dificulta el funcionamiento. Además, los datos anteriores se vuelven vulnerables cuando se reciben informes de enigma de fuga de datos. En esta situación, es indispensable asegurar los datos en el conjunto de datos y detectar la cantidad real de datos durante el mecanismo de transformación de recursos en redes inalámbricas. Se ha desarrollado un sistema para detectar la fuga de datos utilizando técnicas de prueba supervisadas y no supervisadas mediante simulación en Python. Se obtienen los resultados previstos y reales, que se reducen mediante pruebas supervisadas y no supervisadas, el resultado sigue siendo del 96,03% y 94,53% respectivamente

Credit Risk Management Practices Used by Banks in Agricultural Finance: A Case Study of Pakistan

Purpose: Agricultural sector is an important sector of Pakistan’s economy. Agriculture plays a significant role in the economic development of Pakistan.  Its contribution to GDP is about 23% and approximately 60% of Pakistan’s total population live in the rural areas and most of them earn their livelihood from agriculture.  Due to the green revolution, rapid changes have been occurring  in production technologies, and methods have been changed.  As more capital is required to adopt these methods and technologies, so the small farmers cannot afford these methods. They need finances for production and investment purpose.  The small farmer has very limited ability to agricultural finance for both production and investment needs and they are facing a shortfall of credit. Banks hesitate to grant agriculture credit because of higher credit risk.  The main purpose of this research paper is to find out the credit risk faced by the banks of Pakistan and risk management techniques used by these banks. Research methodology: This research is basically quantitative in nature, and a Standard questionnaire is used for the collection of data on credit risk and its management techniques from the banks.  A sample of 45 bank branches of 17 banks that grant agriculture credit has been taken and questionnaire were being filled by credit officers of the agricultural sections of these banks. The Frequency distribution technique was applied through SPSS 17 to analyze and finalize the results. Findings: The major findings of this research are: 82.2% of banks had faced the situation of credit risk in which farmers failed to pay back the credit to the bank.  53.3% respondents considered the production, price and policy risk together affect all the farmers in a particular geographical area. 35% considered ‘’willful rejection risk” as an important risk that arises due to an individual farmer. 60% respondents use the crop insurance for the management of production risk. 48.9% bank used no technique for the management of price risk. 75.6% respondents suggest that the improvement in laws and policies on land ownership will help in credit risk management.  60% respondent does not insure the life of a farmer.  77.8% use collateral management for the management of “willful rejection risk”.  According to 75.6% respondent’s fire/theft insurance of agricultural asset will help to manage this risk. Originality /Value: The value of this research paper is that it gives us an idea about the credit risk faced and its management techniques used by the banks of Pakistan.  It also gives us an idea about the credit risk management techniques which are being used in the world but not in the Pakistan. Research Implications: The research implications of this paper are to increase the understanding of factors which are the basis for credit risk in agricultural financing and its management techniques used by the banks of Pakistan. Paper Type: Research Paper Keywords: agricultural finance, credit risk, Risk management practices, crop insurance, highly correlated risk, localized risk, price smoothing

Analyzing challenging aspects of IPv6 over IPv4

The exponential expansion of the Internet has exhausted the IPv4 addresses provided by IANA. The new IP edition, i.e. IPv6 introduced by IETF with new features such as a simplified packet header, a greater address space, a different address sort, improved encryption, powerful section routing, and stronger QoS. ISPs are slowly seeking to migrate from current IPv4 physical networks to new generation IPv6 networks. ‎The move from actual IPv4 to software-based IPv6 is very sluggish, since billions of computers across the globe use IPv4 addresses. The configuration and actions of IP4 and IPv6 protocols are distinct. Direct correspondence between IPv4 and IPv6 is also not feasible. In terms of the incompatibility problems, all protocols can co-exist throughout the transformation for a few years. Compatibility, interoperability, and stability are key concerns between IP4 and IPv6 protocols. After the conversion of the network through an IPv6, the move causes several issues for ISPs. The key challenges faced by ISPs are packet traversing, routing scalability, performance reliability, and protection. Within this study, we meticulously analyzed a detailed overview of all aforementioned issues during switching into ipv6 network

Credit Risk Management Techniques Used by the Banks of Southern Punjab for the Management of Highly Correlated and Localized Risks in Agricultural Finance

Purpose: Agricultural is an important sector in economy of Pakistan.  Agriculture plays significant role in economic development of Pakistan.  Its contribution to GDP is about 23% and approximately 60% of our total population lives in the rural areas and most of them earn their livelihood from agriculture.  Due to green revolution rapid changes have been occurred in production technologies and methods have been changed.  Too much capital is required to adopt these methods and technologies but small formers cannot afford them.  They need finance for production and investment purpose.  The small former has very limited ability to agricultural finance for both production and investment needs and they are facing shortfall of credit. Banks hesitate to award agriculture credit because of higher credit risk.  The main purpose of this research paper is to find out the credit risk that faced by the banks of Southern Punjab Pakistan and risk management techniques used by the banks of Southern Punjab Pakistan. Methodology: In this research paper quantitative study on credit risk faced and its management techniques used by the bank of Southern Punjab is being made.  Standard questionnaire is used for the collection of data on credit risk and its management techniques from the banks.  A sample of 45 banks branches from 17 banks that award agriculture credit was taken from two districts (Bahawalpur and Rahim Yar Khan).SPSS software is being used for the analysis purpose.  The Frequency distribution was used for analysis. Finding: The findings of this research article are that 82.2% of banks have faced the situation of credit risk in which farmers failed to pay back the credit to bank.  53.3% respondent considered the production, price and policy risk together affect all the farmers in a particular geographical area. 35% considered willfully rejection risk as important risk that arises due to individual farmer.  Sixty percent respondents use the crop insurance for the management of production risk. 48.9% bank used no technique for the management of price risk. 75.6% respondent’s views that improvement in laws and policies on land ownership will help in credit risk management.  Sixty percent respondent does not insure the life of farmer.  77.8% use collateral management for the management of willfully rejection risk.  According to 75.6% respondent fire/theft insurance of agricultural asset will help to manage this risk. Value: The value of this research paper is that it gives us idea about the credit risk faced and it management techniques used by the banks of Southern Punjab Pakistan.  It also gives us idea about the credit risk management techniques which are being used in the world but not in the Southern Punjab. Research Implications: The research implications of this paper are to increase the understanding of factors which are basis for credit risk in agriculture finance and its management techniques used by the banks of Southern Punjab. . Paper Type: Research Paper Keywords: agricultural Finance, credit risk, credit risk management techniques in agricultural finance, crop insurance, highly correlated risk, localized risk, price smoothing

The role of gut microbiota in depression: an analysis of the gut-brain axis

The gut-brain axis is a communication pathway that allows a two-way exchange of information between the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract and the nervous system of humans. The vagus nerve, which is responsible for facilitating communication, provides support for this axis. The gut-brain axis is currently the subject of research, but studies into the diversity and stratification of the gut microbiota are just getting started. Researchers have discovered several positive trends by analyzing numerous studies examining the gut microbiota’s impact on the effectiveness of SSRIs. It is common knowledge that a specific group of measurable, microbial markers has been recognized as being present in the feces of individuals suffering from depression. Specific bacterial species are a common denominator among therapeutic bacteria used to treat depression. It can also play a role in determining the severity of disease progression. Evidence that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) rely on the vagus nerve to exert their therapeutic effects has provided further support for the importance of the vagus nerve in the gut-brain axis, which is necessary for beneficial changes in the gut microbiota. This review will analyze the research linking gut microbiota to depression

The Relationship of Leader-Member Exchange and Organizational Citizenship Behavior, the Moderating Impact of the Role of Subordinate LMX

The fundamental purpose of the study is to check the impact of leader-member exchange (LMX) with reference to having in view the superior authority LMX and Subordinate LMX on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). This study also focus on the role of subordinate-LMX on OCB, the role of subordinate-LMX would be examined as moderating variable. The estimated results described that LMX form the superior side has a good impact on OCB, while the impact of LMX by subordinate has not significant impact on OCB. Findings of this study enhancing the existing Research work. Moreover managerial implication and findings of this research work are based on extensive literature. Key words: Leader-member exchange, Organizational citizenship behavio

RETRACTED: Analyzing challenging aspects of IPv6 over IPv4

This article has been retracted by the publisher. This article has been retracted at the request of The International Arab Journal of Information Technology (IAJIT) report because of misconduct and plagiarism. The document and its content have been removed from the Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika, and reasonable effort should be made to remove all references to this article

Analyzing challenging aspects of IPv6 over IPv4

The exponential expansion of the Internet has exhausted the IPv4 addresses provided by IANA. The new IP edition, i.e. IPv6 introduced by IETF with new features such as a simplified packet header, a greater address space, a different address sort, improved encryption, powerful section routing, and stronger QoS. ISPs are slowly seeking to migrate from current IPv4 physical networks to new generation IPv6 networks. ‎The move from actual IPv4 to software-based IPv6 is very sluggish, since billions of computers across the globe use IPv4 addresses. The configuration and actions of IP4 and IPv6 protocols are distinct. Direct correspondence between IPv4 and IPv6 is also not feasible. In terms of the incompatibility problems, all protocols can co-exist throughout the transformation for a few years. Compatibility, interoperability, and stability are key concerns between IP4 and IPv6 protocols. After the conversion of the network through an IPv6, the move causes several issues for ISPs. The key challenges faced by ISPs are packet traversing, routing scalability, performance reliability, and protection. Within this study, we meticulously analyzed a detailed overview of all aforementioned issues during switching into ipv6 network